Igikoresho cy'ubuki cya keramik ni iki?

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, icyifuzo cy'ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije kandi bitanga umusaruro cyakomeje kwiyongera mu nganda zitandukanye. Kimwe mu bikoresho bishya byakuruye ibitekerezo by'abashakashatsi n'abahanga ni ibinyabutabire by'ibishishwa. Ibi bikoresho bifite imiterere yihariye y'ibishishwa, bitanga ibyiza byinshi n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kubikoresha. Ingingo ikurikira itanga ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku bishishwa by'ibishishwa, ivuga ku moko yabyo, imiterere yabyo, imiterere yabyo, uburyo bwo kubitegura, n'uburyo bwinshi bikoreshwa mu nganda nka za modoka, shimi, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi. Dusobanukiwe ubushobozi bw'ibishishwa by'ibishishwa, dushobora gukoresha neza ibyiza byabyo no gutegura inzira y'ejo hazaza harambye kandi heza mu nzego nyinshi.

1、Igikoresho cy'ubuki cya Ceramics ni iki?

Ibumba rya Honeycomb ni ikintu gishya cya ceramic gifite imiterere isa n'ubuki. Cyakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu gutunganya umwotsi mu modoka nto, none ubu gikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka chimique, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ibyuma, peteroli, ikoranabuhanga, n'imashini, hamwe n'ikoreshwa ryagutse kandi ritanga icyizere. Ibumba rya Honeycomb rishobora gukorwa mu bikoresho bitandukanye, harimo cyane cyane cordierite, mullite, alumina titanate, activated carbon, silicon carbide, activated alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, na matrices ya composite.

2、Ubwoko bw'ibirahuri by'ubuki

Ibikoresho by'ubuki bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine by'ingenzi hashingiwe ku mikoreshereze yabyo: ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe, ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibikoresho bitwara ibikoresho bya katalisiti, n'ibikoresho byo kuyungurura.

Ibikoresho bibika ubushyuhe bya keramike bifite ubushobozi bwo gushyuha burenga 1000 kJ/kg, ubushyuhe bwo gukora buri hejuru cyane bugera kuri 1700°C. Bishobora kuzigama ibicanwa birenga 40% mu itanura nk'amatanura ashyushya, amatanura yo gutekesha, amatanura ahuza imiterere y'ibikoresho, n'amatanura ashwanyagurika, byongera umusaruro ku kigero kirenga 15%, kandi bigagabanya ubushyuhe bw'umwotsi usohoka bukagera munsi ya 150°C.

Ibikoresho byo gupakira bya ceramic by’ubuki bifite ubuso bunini bwihariye kandi bikagira imbaraga kurusha ibindi bikoresho byo gupakira bifite ishusho nziza, bigatuma gazi n’amazi bikwirakwira mu buryo bumwe, bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibitanda, imikorere myiza, kandi bigakomeza igihe kirekire. Bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gupakira mu nganda zikora peteroli, imiti, n’ibinyabutabire byiza kandi bigezweho cyane.

Ibikoresho bya keramike by'ubuki bifite akamaro cyane iyo bikoreshejwe nk'ibitera imbaraga. Bikoresheje ibikoresho bya keramike by'ubuki nk'ibikoresho byo gutwara no gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byo gusiga, bitegurwa hakoreshejwe ibyuma by'agaciro, ibyuma by'ubutaka bidasanzwe, n'ibyuma bihindura imiterere, bigatuma habaho imikorere myinshi ya katalisike, ubushyuhe buhamye, igihe kirekire, kandi bikagira imbaraga nyinshi.

3、Ibiranga ibumba ry'ubuki

Ingufu nyinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugwa, no kwangirika bituma ibirungo by'ubuki biba byiza mu nzego zitandukanye zo kurengera ibidukikije. Zimwe muri zo zirimo:

Ubuso burebure

Ubwinshi bw'imyenge n'umurambararo w'imyenge imwe

Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko muke

Igipimo cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe gito

Ubudahangarwa bukabije bw'ubushyuhe n'ingufu

Ubudahangarwa bukomeye ku kwangirika kw'ibinyabutabire (anti-acide ≥99.8%)

Ingufu nyinshi zo kwikanda

4、Ibikubiye mu bimera bya Ceramics by'ubuki

Ubusanzwe ibinyabutabire by'ubuki bikorwa muri kaolini, talki, ifu ya aluminiyumu, n'ibumba. Muri iki gihe, iyo wongeyeho zeolite n'ibindi bikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, hari izindi mpamvu zishobora kuboneka kuri ibyo bikoresho.

Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi (MOC):

Cordierite

Imiterere ya shimi ya Cordierite:

Alumina: 35.2±1.5%

Silika: 50.9±1.5%

Magnesia: 13.9±1.5%

5、Uburyo bwo gutegura ibikomoka kuri ceramics by'ubuki

Ibikoresho by'ubuki bishobora gukorwa mu bikoresho bitandukanye. Ibikoresho by'ibanze birimo cordierite, mullite, aluminium titanate, activated carbon, silicon carbide, activated alumina, zirconia, silicon nitride, hamwe n'ibice by'ingenzi bya cordierite-mullite na cordierite-aluminum titanate.

Nyuma yo gukora ifu ya karuboni cyangwa utubumbe tw’ibinyabutabire mu buryo bwa keramike y’ubuki, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya no gutunganya amazi yanduye burarushaho kwiyongera cyane, cyane cyane mu nganda zikora imiti kugira ngo zikureho imyanda, amazi arenze urugero, no guhindura ibara ry’imiti irwanya indwara zandura, imisemburo, vitamine, inshinge za aside nucleic, n’izindi nganda zitandukanye n’imiti. Uko keramike y’ubuki ikorwa binyuze mu gusohora, inyongera zitandukanye zigomba kongerwa ku bikoresho by’ingenzi kugira ngo byongere ubuziranenge n’amazi mu mubiri w’ibumba. Izi nyongeramusaruro zirimo cyane cyane ibifunga, pulasitiki, deflocculants, amavuta, n’ibintu bitose. Byongeye kandi, hari kandi ibintu bibungabunga amazi, ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe, ibintu birwanya static, ibintu bikingira colloidal, na surfactants. Muri iki gihe, sitashi, carboxymethyl cellulose, na polyvinyl alcohol bikoreshwa cyane nk’ibifunga, amavuta ya tung na aside stearic nk’amavuta, na glycerin nk’ibifunga.

6、Imikoreshereze ya Ceramics y'Ubuki

Ibikoresho bya Catalyst

Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho byo gutwara imyanda, ibikoresho byo gutwara imyanda bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutunganya imyanda iva mu modoka, mu gusohora imyuka iva mu muriro (NOx), mu gukuraho impumuro mbi mu mashini, no gukuraho imyuka ihumanya kandi yangiza. Ibikoresho byo gutwara imyanda biva mu muriro bikoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda iva mu modoka ahanini ni ibikoresho byo gutwara imyanda biva mu muriro bitwikiriwe na γ-Al2O3.

Ibikoresho byo mu ifuru bitagira ingano

Ibikoresho byo mu ifuru y'ibishyimbo byakuwemo ubuki bifite uburemere buri hagati ya 60% na 75% ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo mu ifuru, bigatuma ubushyuhe bwihuta kandi bukara vuba. Gukoresha ibishyimbo by'ibishyimbo nk'inkunga yo gukoresha ferrites cyangwa izindi ceramics z'ikoranabuhanga bifasha kunoza imikorere y'ibicuruzwa.

Akayunguruzo k'urukuta

Ibikoresho by'ubuki bifite inkuta nto kandi bifite imyenge bishobora gukoreshwa mu kuyungurura no gusukura uduce twa karuboni mu myuka isohora moteri ya mazutu (hafi 500℃).

7、Mu gusoza, ibibumbano by'ubuki ni ibikoresho bifite uburyo butandukanye kandi bishya bifite imiterere yihariye y'ubuki itanga ibyiza bitandukanye. Bikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye, harimo imodoka, imiti, ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ibyuma, peteroli, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'imashini. Imiterere yabyo myiza, nko gukomera cyane, kudashyuha cyane, kudashonga, no kudasaza, bituma bikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye, harimo n'ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe, ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibikoresho bitwara ibikoresho bya katalisiti, n'ibikoresho byo kuyungurura. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho ndetse no kwiyongera k'ubukene bw'ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije kandi binoze, ibibumbano by'ubuki bizagira uruhare runini mu nganda zitandukanye, bisezeranya ejo hazaza heza ku iterambere ryabyo no kubikoresha.